Scientific model description¶
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Formalism and hypothesis¶
Geophysical fluid flows obey conservation laws for mass (Conservation of mass), momentum (Conservation of momentum) and energy in a rotating frame (The Earth rotates towards the east). These laws can be stated in the differential form, applicable at a fluid element.
Hypotheses and approximations¶
Geophysical equations¶
Sigma coordinate¶
The oceans have complicated geometry and large changes in bottom depth. It is therefore difficult to resolve the water column equally and efficiently in both shallow and deep regions of an oceanic region simultaneously. Furthermore, since turbulent mixing plays an important role in the circulation in the coastal ocean, a better simulation of both the upper and bottom mixed layers is necessary. This is possible with a topographically conformal vertical coordinate system, the so-called sigma (σ) coordinate system.